Maglev train sets can reach the speeds up to 500 kmh 2. The magnetic levitation system with 2 electromagnets mls2em is a complete after assembling and software installation control laboratory system ready to experiments. In this paper, an optimal design procedure was required in order to develop a magnetic levitation system for a contactless delivery application shown in figure 1. In this application, we detect the distance from the steal ball to the electromagnet. Development of magnetic levitation system for science and. Now there are numerous control algorithms however pid control is the most popular because of its high accuracy and simplicity.
If you switch the vrml viewer to the camera 3 viewpoint, you can observe and control the ball easier. Sliding mode control of magnetic levitation system using. In this thesis, a new large gap magnetic levitation system is designed, developed and successfully tested. In this process an object is suspended above another with no other support but magnetic fields. A technology approach to magnetic levitation steven barker, ron matusiak buffalo state college abstract a magnetic levitation maglev project is described with two major goals in mind. In magnetic levitation system, sensor is the core component, which requires high precision and stability. Magnetic levitation wind turbine maximum overall efficiency of windmill is 30%. If magnetic repulsion is used, it is known as magnetic levitation. Figure 2 is a control framework of googols magnetic levitation system. The basic principle of mls operation is to apply the voltage to an electromagnet to keep a ferromagnetic sphere levitated. A high speed maglev train uses noncontact magnetic levitation, guidance and propulsion systems and has no.
Magnetic levitation system for takeoff and landing airplane p. It employs diamagnetism, which is an intrinsic property of many materials referring to their. An undergraduate control tutorial on root locusbased. Maglev derived from magnetic levitation uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles. Magnetic levitation testbed the system separates into two main subsystems. A standing wave acoustic levitation system for large. Magnetic levitation experiments for a control systems course in an electrical engineering technology program by albert lozanonieto, ph. T railway technology today 12 edited by kanji wako magnetic. The \maglev experiment is a magnetic ball suspension system which is used to levitate a steel ball in air by the electromagnetic force generated by an. If a small permanent magnet is placed above a superconductor, it can be levitated by this repulsive force. Magnetic levitation system metsys noitativel citengam a new design with integrated laser sensor overview magnetic levitation is a classical technology in mechatronics. Dynamic stability occurs when the levitation system is able to damp out any. Abstracta new sliding surface design approach for magnetic levitation system is proposed that varies the sliding. Apr 10, 2011 magnetic levitation wind turbine maximum overall efficiency of windmill is 30%.
Modeling and control for a magnetic levitation system based. Hardware the ecp magnetic levitation maglev design see fig. The maglev system consists of an electromagnet, a ball rest, a ball position sensor, and a steel ball. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. The laboratory assignment challenges the students to modify the system to improve system stability, transient performance, and disturbance rejection. If the same windmill is operating at 50% of its maximum speed the efficiency becomes very low. Introduction to magnetic levitation system lab hardware the magnetic levitation apparatus by googol technology limited, as shown in the figure below was used in the controls lab of electronics and communications engineering department, i. The user has a rapid access to all basic functions of the mls system from the mls control window. Download the seminar report for magnetic levitation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate magnetic levitation and to design a working system capable of levitating an object from below. In this section, the construction of the magnetic levitation system and its components will be explained.
Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational acceleration and any other accelerations. The system consists essentially of a platform test bed and a pc with a dsp controller board. Magnetic levitation definition of magnetic levitation by. In this experiment, a steel ball is levitated using the force generated by an electromagnet see the picture below. The only levitation that braunbek missed is spinstabilized magnetic levitation of a spinning magnet top over a magnet base, which was invented by roy harrigan.
Introduction magnetic levitation is becoming widely applicable in magnetic bearings, highspeed. Magnetic levitation is a way of using electromagnetic fields to levitate objects without any noise. Keywordsstate feedback, observer, statepi feedback, magnetic levitation, pole placement, stability and stabilization model reference control 4, robust control 5, sliding mode abstract state feedback technique through a gain matrix has been a wellknown method for pole assignment of a linear system. Magnetic levitation system for takeoff and landing airplane project gabriel krzysztof sibilski1, krzysztof falkowski2 1techncal university of wroclaw, 2military university of technology, corresponding author. It combines electromagnetism and electronics technology, control technology, signal processing, mechanics, and dynamics. Magnetic levitation in antiquity and the middle ages pdf. Sliding mode control of magnetic levitation system using nonlinear timevarying sliding surface chintu. The technology is widely used in many industry elds. One of the features of maglev systems is reduction of imagination, which makes. Levitation system the propulsion system used is known as a linear motor. The name maglev is derived from magnetic levitation.
Magnetic levitation maglev or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Introduction magnetic levitation is becoming widely applicable in magnetic bearings, highspeed ground transportation, vibration isolation, etc. An undergraduate control tutorial on root locusbased magnetic levitation system stabilization ayokunle a. Magnetic levitation control experiments the simplest nonlinear model of the magnetic levitation system relating the ball position and the coil current i is the following. After the basic system is demonstrated in lecture as shown in figure 4, students receive individual kits along with assembly instructions for building the magnetic levitation device. The paper is devoted to modeling and parameter identification for magnetic levitation system mls from inteco. The magnetic levitation system mls is a complete after assembling and software installation control laboratory system ready to experiments. The system consists of an electromagnet coil, a position sensor, a driver circuit, a digital controller and a steel ball. Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to levitate a usually metallic object. If the magnetic force of attraction is used, it is known as magnetic suspension.
The control systems were compared under various parameters. In the past, magnetic levitation was attempted by using permanent magnets. As a first step, the design goal was to reduce the weight of the electromagnet of the magnetic levitation system with the constraint of normal force, considering the initial model. Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology. Magnetic levitation principles introduction magnetic fields are used to describe forces at a distance from electric currents. Modeling of magnetic levitation system peter balko, danica rosinova institute of automotive mechatronics slovak university of technology in bratislava bratislava, slovakia danica. The committee report said, although further study is required to evaluate longterm durability and cost effectiveness, it appears that the superconducting maglev system is technically ready to be used commercially as a very high speed, largecapacity transportation system. Depending on the work precision and speed requirement of the sensor, the. With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short distance. If a small magnet is brought near a superconductor, it will be repelled becaused induced supercurrents will produce mirror images of each pole. This project is a continuation of work done by paul friend in 2004. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Dynamic modeling, timedomain analysis, pi and pid feedback control.
Jiya 1senior lecturer, department of electrical and electronic engineering, university of maduguri, borno state nigeria. The test bed contains the electromagnet actuator, optical position sensor, electromagnet pwm power amplifier, and 2 dc power supplies fig. The is an ideal tool for demonstration of magnetic levitation phenomena. Abstract an acoustic levitation system is presented in this paper which can levitate planar objects much larger than the wavelength of the applied sound wave. T railway technology today 12 edited by kanji wako. Magnetic levitation system for takeoff and landing. There are two possible methods of setting the ball position setpoint using a signal generator and visually by clicking at a desired position in the virtual reality. Stabilization of a magnetic levitation control system via.
Magnetic levitation experiments for a control systems. Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an object. Design, implementation and control of a magnetic levitation. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational acceleration and any other accelerations the two primary issues involved in magnetic levitation are lifting forces.
Note that the position of the ball represents the real dynamics of the system. The maglev system used was verified experimentally and with simulations as well. To implement a microcontrollerbased digital controller that stabilizes a 21gram steel ball and tracks reference input signals applied to the maglev. Recent examples on the web the highspeed superconducting magnetic levitation system between washington and baltimore is planned with three stops.
The findings showed an agreement for both simulation and experiment results. Submitted to the 2004 american control conference 1 lowcost. Magnetic levitation experiments for a control systems course. Robust feedback control analysis of magnetic levitation system.
We chose this system in order to reduce the height of the carriage body and to facilitate installation of magnetic shielding in passenger compartments. The term levitation refers to a class of technologies that uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles with magnets rather than with wheels, axles and bearings. In this paper, h1 robust control is investigated to bring the magnetic levitation system in a stable. Some publicprivate financial cooperation is expected. Magnetic levitation maglev or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is.
Description the electromagnetic levitation system controls the magnetic field generated by an electromagnet to levitate a small magnet in midair. Design, fabrication, and control of a single actuator magnetic. Modeling and control of a magnetic levitation system. Moreover, the sphere can follow a desired position value varying in time. Robust feedback control analysis of magnetic levitation.
Bechtel began an environmental impact study, planning for system. Summary in this study, we developed a magnetic levitation system using a hall element displacement sensor with neural network for science. The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and thus no wear and friction. It is a series combination of a linear resistor, with resistance r, and a nonlinear inductor, with inductance ly. Therefore robustness is a key issue in designing a control system for a magnetic levitation as the models are never 100 percent accurate and the uncertainties in the model must be accounted.
Mls belongs to challenging modelling and control problems due to its unstability and. Levitation us system actual ball position ys maglev front panel interface circuit 1. Magnetic levitation rail system free pdf file sharing. The magnetic levitation is especially used in some hitech devices e. Compared with the conventional active controlled electromagnetic levitation system, the passive htsc maglev system has many advantages, such as self. Richard post from lawrence livermore national labs llnl. The magnetic levitation technology can be used as an efficient technology in. As mentioned above, the major principle behind its operation is magnetic repulsion. Control framework of magnetic levitation system components. This is a classic control problem used in many practical applications such as transportation magnetic levitated trains, using. Controller design for magnetic levitation system a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of technology in control and automation by abhishek nayak m. The magnetic levitation main window in the ml main window one can find. Modeling and control for a magnetic levitation system. The magnetic levitation system shown in above figure, keeps a steel ball suspended in the midair by counteracting the balls weight with the electromagnetic force.
Magnetic levitation system introduction there are two experiments in this lab. The first experiment studies system nonlinear characteristics, and the second experiment studies system dynamic characteristics with a number of different control actions. The maglev project consists of two construction phases. Magnetic levitation system in control engineering education 153 2.
To obtain a good model for the maglev system, model 33210 manufactured by feedback limited in. Mechatronics magnetic levitation control experiments test. Practical applications of magnetic levitation technology. This paper explains magnetic ball suspension systems in a nonlinear inherently unstable system. The position of the steel ball controlled by a current in the electromagnet through the input voltage. Magnetic levitation magnetic fields are actively excluded from superconductors meissner effect.
It is completely encased in a rectangular enclosure divided into three. A low cost magnetic levitation system is used for a portion of. Phase i proves that levitation is possible by redesign of a wheel track system. Magnetic levitation is the process of levitating an object by exploiting magnetic fields. Another special feature of the maglev car is the articulated system used to connect cars. Magnetic levitation control system in stand alone analogue mode recall that the considered equipment is with a builtin power supply and in the analogue mode is capable of standalone operation without any computer control software. Magnetic levitation maglev is an innovative transportation technology. The system should be able to levitate an object from below, clear of an array of electromagnets without any form of support. It is sometimes said to be the first fundamental innovation in the field of railroad technology since the invention of the railway.
Magnetic levitation control system in stand alone analogue mode recall that the considered equipment is with a builtin power supply and in the analogue mode is capable of standalone. Modeling and control of a magnetic levitation system concepts emphasized. Magnetic levitation technology is a perfect solution to achieve better performance for many motion systems, e. The small magnet levitates in the air indefinitely without any disturbance. The vertical position of the levitating magnet is measured using a linear hall effect. Bidyadhar subudhi department of electrical engineering national institute of technology, rourkela. Unlike a conventional motor, a linear motor creates linear motion instead of circular motion. Electromagnet weight reduction in a magnetic levitation. Intelligent control of magnetic levitation system assiut university. The magnetic levitation system mls is a nonlinear, openloop, unstable time varying frictionless dynamical system.
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